Lesson 67 Volcanoes火山
First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why does Tazieff risk his life like this?
Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.
参考译文
波兰科学家哈罗恩.塔捷耶夫花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火山和深洞。1948年他去了刚果的基伍湖，对一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山进行 观察。当火山正在猛烈地喷发时，塔捷耶夫有办法把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方。尽管他设法拍了一些十分精彩的照片，但他却不能在火山附近停留太长的时间。他 发现有一股岩浆正向他流过来，眼看就要将他团团围住，但塔捷耶夫还是设法及时逃离了。他等到火山平静下来，两天以后又返回去。这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山 口，以便能拍摄照片和测试温度。塔捷耶夫经常冒这样的生命危险。他能告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何在世的人都要多。
New words and Expressions生词和短语
volcano
n. 火山
active
adj. 活动的
Kivu
n. 基伍湖
Congo
n. 刚果
Kituro
n. 基图罗
erupt
v. （火山）喷发
violently
adv. 猛烈地，剧烈地
manage
v. 设法
brilliant
adj. 精彩的
liquid
adj. 液态的
escape
v. 逃脱
alive
adj. 活着的
Lesson 67 自学导读First things first
课文详注 Further notes on the text1．to set up his camp very close to the volcano,把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方。
表示“与……靠近’可用 close to：
He parked the car close to the river.
他把车停在河边。
Don't sit so close to the fire.
别坐得离火那么近。
2．Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs…尽管他设法拍了一些精彩的照片……
manage to do sth. 表示“设法做到某事”、“努力完成某事”，即虽然很费劲，但仍然做到／完成某事。另一短语 try to do sth. 可表示“设法做某事”、“努力做某事”，但并不表示完成／做到的含义：
He tried to open the door but couldn't.
他试图打开那门，但打不开。
He managed to open the door.
他设法把门打开了。
I finally managed to buy a house.
我终于设法买了一座房子。
3．a river of liquid rock,一股岩浆。
river在这里为比喻用法，表示“（……的）巨流”。由于 a river of 这个结构中没有 as, like等明确表示“像”的词，因此，它是一种暗喻。
When she heard the news, a river of tears came down her face.
她听到这个消息后，泪如泉涌。
Rivers of blood flowed during World war Ⅱ.
第二次世界大战期间血流成河。
4．It threatened to surround him completely…（岩浆）眼看就要将他团团围住……
threaten表示“威胁着要”、“恐吓”：
The forest fire threatened to destroy the town.
森林大火眼看就要将这个镇子焚毁。
He threatened to leave the team.
他扬言要离开这个队。
关于 threaten… with，参见第62课课文详注。
5．to escape just in time, 及时逃离。
in time表示“及时”、“来得及”，just表示“正好”、“差一点”：
I caught the train just in time.
我刚好来得及赶上火车。
Shall we still be in time for / to see the performance?
我们还来得及看演出吗？
6．risked one's life, 冒着生命危险。
关于risk作为名词和动词的用法，参见第44课词汇学习。
7．any man alive, 任何在世的人。
alive 为形容词，可表示“在世的”、“活着的”，通常作表语。它作宾语时必须放在被修饰的词之后：
Is your grandfather still alive?
你祖父还活着吗？
Every man alive has his / her own troubles.
每个活着的人都有自己的烦恼。
语法 Grammar in use
表示“能力”的情态助动词及其他有关的动词： can/ could, be able to与 manage to
（1）在第43课的语法中，我们学习了表示“能力”的 can/could。用将来时的句子中表示“能力”时通常用 will be able to, 在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时用was able to而不用could：
I can't remember where I've seen him.
我想不起来我在什么地方见过他。
I can sing some songs, but I can't play the piano.
我会唱一些歌，但我不会弹钢琴。
He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.
他以为他能轻易地通过考试，结果他没通过。
After Byrd had ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks, the plane was then able to rise.
在伯德命令他的助手们扔掉两个沉重的食物袋之后，飞机才可以上升了。
Jane can't swim yet. She'll be able to swim in a few months time.
简不会游泳。再过几个月她就会游泳了。
（2）表示“能力”的另一种方式是用 manage to。在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时，它经常代替 be able to。与 be able to相比，它更强调“虽然困难很大，但仍能……”这种含义。试比较：
He finished the job yesterday.
他昨天把工作做完了。(陈述一个事实)
He was able to finish the job yesterday.
他昨天把工作做完了。(表示可能)
He managed to finish the job yesterday.
他昨天设法把工作做完了。(暗示他克服了不少困难才完成)
如果把最后这句话改成：He was able to watch it after all（他最终看了那场比赛），那么他就不一定是克服困难才看到比赛，而可能是因为情况有变化等。
词汇学习 Word study
say与tell
这两个词都有“说”的含义，但在用法上有区别。
1．say
（1）在表示“说”、“讲”时，say后面不跟间接宾语（人）。如果一定要指明，则用to+名词／代词：
‘You haven't got much time,’he said (to me).
他（对我）说：“你的时间不多了。”
（2）表示“道别”、“诵读（祈祷）”、“背诵”等含义时用say而不能用tell：
We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him.
我们将参观他的船，然后和他告别。
Mary's children say their prayers every night.
玛丽的孩子们每天晚上做祷告。
（3）say有“表达（思想、意见等）”含义，tell则没有：
Do you have anything to say about the accident?
关于这次事故你有什么想说的／想法吗？
（4）say通常用于表达“据说”的意思，tell则不能：
John is said to be very interested in art.
据说约翰对美术很感兴趣。
（5）say可以用于固定短语 say a good word for（为……说好话／辩护；推荐）：
Don't expect that he'll say a good word for you.
别指望他会为你说好话。
2．tell
（1）在表示“说”、“讲”时，tell后面可以跟双宾语：
He told me/ said that he would be retiring.
他告诉我／说他快要退休了。
（2）tell经常用于表示“讲（实话、谎话、秘密等）”：
He's telling a lie/the truth.
他在撒谎／说实话。
I won't tell you the secret if you can't keep it.
如果你不能保守秘密，我就不把这秘密告诉你。
（3）tell可以表示“辨别”、“分辨”，say则不可以：
The snake obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz.
那条蛇显然分辨不出印度音乐和爵士乐。
（4）在英国英语中，tell the time为固定短语，表示根据钟表等“说出时间”、“识钟”（美国英语中为 tell time）：
Jimmy is only five years old, but he can already tell the time.
吉米只有5岁，但他已经识钟了。
另外，say和tell后面跟so时含义不一样：
I told you so!
我告诉过你是这样的！（用于情况被证实之后）
