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词汇精选：encourage的用法和辨析
一、详细释义：
v.
鼓励，激励 [T]
例句：
She encouraged him to talk to her.
她鼓励他与她交谈。
例句：
Old and young cadres learn from each other and encourage each other.
新老干部相互学习，相互激励。
促进，助长;激发 [T]
例句：
Don't encourage her laziness by doing things for her.
别代她做事助长她的懒惰。
例句：
Burning the field to encourage new plant growth.
焚烧原野以促进新植物生长。
支持 [T]
例句：
Industrial countries tend to support domestic production and thereby inhibit imports and encourage exports.
工业国则倾向于支持国内生产，从而阻止进口和鼓励出口。
例句：
Encouraged and supported by her father, she brilliantly displayed her talent on the poetry.
在她父亲的鼓励和支持下，她能尽情的发挥她在诗歌上的天才。
二、词义辨析：
encourage,inspire,excite,stimulate
这些动作均表“鼓励，激励”之意。 encourage指提高某人情绪，增强战胜困难，实现目标的信心和勇气。 inspire通常指鼓起勇气，充满信心和希望。 excite主要指某人的言行或其它外界因素使他人变得兴奋或感情冲动，多用被动态。 stimulate尤指人或物因外界因素而受到刺激，使人振作起来或增强做某事的信心和勇气。
三、参考例句：
We encourage it.
我们对此表示鼓励。
Encourage those around you.
你应该多鼓励他们。
We encourage to reapply!
我们鼓励求职者再次申请。
An enterprise should encourage innovation.
企业应鼓励创新。
There are tax incentives to encourage saving.
有税收激励政策鼓励人们进行储蓄。
We encourage diversification in the school system.
我们鼓励办学模式有多元代的发展。
Might these encourage others to follow suit?
这会不会鼓励其他人的跟风?
You should encourage your students by heart.
你应该由衷地鼓励你的学生。
We will encourage the people to read.
倡导全民阅读。
We should encourage reclamation and recycling.
我们应当鼓励废物的回收和利用。
初中英语高频动词用法大汇总
加to do的高频考查动词
1. afford to do 负担的起做某事
We can’t afford to make any mistakes.我们承担不起任何失误。
2. agree to do 同意做某事
Do you agree to have dinner today? 今天你同意一块吃饭吗?
3. choose to do 选择做某事
Why do so many choose to leave their country? 为什么有这么多人要离开祖国?
4. decide to do 决定做某事
She decided to accept the offer. 她决定接受这一提议。
5. expect to do 期待做某事
The shop expects to make more money this year. 这家店铺期望今年多赚点钱。
6. hope to do 希望做某事
I hope to see you again sometime next year. 我希望明年某一时候再见到你。
7. hurry to do 急忙做某事
We shall have to hurry to get there in time. 我们将不得不及时赶到那。
8. manage to do 设法做成某事
How do you manage to do such a thing? 你是怎么设法做这样的事?
9. plan to do 打算做某事
Where do you plan to spend your holiday? 你打算去哪里度假?
10. prefer to do 宁愿做某事
I prefer to travel in the front of the car. 我宁愿坐在汽车的前面。
11. refuse to do 拒绝做某事
I refuse to answer that question. 我不愿回答那个问题。
12. seem to do 看似做了某事
The books seem to be lost. 那些书好像不见了。
13. wish to do 希望做某事
I wish to talk with you in private. 我希望能私下里同你谈话。
14. want to do 想要做某事
Is that why you don\\\'t want to go home? 这就是你不想回家的原因吗?
15. would like to do 想要做某事
I would like to have a word with you. 我想同你说句话。
加sb. to do的高频考查动词
1. allow ab. to do 允许某人做某事
My boss doesn\\\'t allow me to use the telephone. 老板不许我使用电话。
2. cause ab. to do 导致某人做某事
The beliefin god causes people to do good. 对上帝的信仰使人行善。
3. encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事
Peter， my English teacher， never fails to encourage us to study hard. 我的英文老师彼得总是鼓励我们要好好用功。
4. force sb. to do 强迫某人做某事
No power on earth could force me to do it. 谁也不能强迫我做这事。
5. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事
We invite her to have Thanksgiving dinner with us. 我们邀请她和我们一起吃感恩节晚餐。
6. teach sb. to do 教某人做某事
It is time for somebody to teach you to behave yourself. 该是有人教你应对进退之礼仪的时候了。
7. warn sb. to do 警告某人做某事
The police warn us not to go out at night. 警察告诫我们夜间不要出门。
8. …enough to do 足够做某事
Would you be kind enough to take a message to him? 拜托您捎个信儿给他。
9. It’s + adj+ for sb. to do 对某人来说做某事很...
Is it necessary for me to attend the meeting?我真的必须参加这个会议吗?
10. It takes sb. some time to do 花费某人多长时间做某事
How long does it take to go to the airport by taxi? 坐出租汽车去飞机场要多长时间?
后加doing的高频考查动词
1. avoid doing 避免做某事
Avoid crossing this street at rush hours. 避免在交通拥挤时间穿越这条街道。
2. consider doing 考虑做某事
Would you consider working in New York next year? 明年你考虑到纽约工作吗?
3. enjoy doing 享受做某事
I enjoy singing， much more listening to music. 我喜欢唱歌，更不用说听音乐了。
4. finish doing 结束做某事
It took us a whole week to finish painting the home. 我们花了整整一星期的时间才把房子粉刷好。
5. hate doing 讨厌做某事
The boys hate doing homework on Sundays. 男孩们讨厌在星期日做家庭作业。
6. imagine doing 想象做某事
I can\\\'t imagine living with a drunk. 我想象不出与一个醉汉生活在一起的情形。
7. keep doing 持续做某事
Foreign words keep coming into English. 外来词源源不断地进入英语。
8. mind doing 介意做某事
Would you mind stepping aside to let me pass? 你介意站开让我走过去吗?
9. practice doing 练习做某事
Practice throwing the ball into the net. 练习投篮。
10. regret doing 后悔做某事
I believe you will regret leaving Paris. 我相信你会为离开巴黎而后悔的。
11. risk doing 冒险做某事
I don’t think they will risk holding an election. 我想他们是不会冒风险举行选举的。
12. suggest doing 建议做某事
I suggested going for a walk. 我建议去散步。
13. be worth doing 值得做某事
14. spend…doing花费...做某事
How much time do you spend practicing English every day? 你每天花多少时间练习英文?
15. while/when doing
I like to listen to music while running. 我喜欢一边跑步，一边听音乐。
16. have a good time/fun/problems/trouble/difficulty doing做某事有乐趣/问题/麻烦/困难： I have difficulty remembering names. 我不易记住人名。
17. prevent/stop/keep…from doing阻止...做某事
Nothing can prevent him from going. 什么都不能阻止他前往。
加do的高频考查动词
1. let sb. do 让某人做某事
I hope you can pardon his badness and let him start all over again.希望您能原谅他的不好，让他从新开始。
2. make sb. do 使某人做某事
He find it impossible to make her change her mind. 他发现使她改变主意是不可能的。
3. hear sb. do 听见某人做某事
The shouting boy did not hear his mother call him. 大声叫嚷的孩子听不到妈妈的叫唤。
4. have sb. do 要求某人做某事
Will you like to have him call you back ? 要他给你回个电话吗?
5. would rather do than do 宁愿做...不愿做...
They would rather go fishing than stay at home. 他们宁愿去钓鱼，也不愿待在家里。
6. had better do 最好做某事
You had better have another think. 你最好 再想一想。
加to doing的高频考查动词
1. prefer doing to doing 宁愿做...不愿做...
Their teacher prefers doing to talking. 他们的老师喜欢做而不喜欢说。
2. be used to doing 习惯做某事
I\'m not used to doing shopping online. 我不习惯于网上购物。
3. look forward to doing 期待做某事
I look forward to being alone in the house. 我盼望着能自己一人待在这所房子里。
4. pay attention to doing 注意力集中在做某事上
You should pay attention to picking your words . 你应该注意措词。
5. devote … to doing 奉献...去做某事
I devote myself to helping the poor. 我致力于帮助穷人。
六. 加to do= 加doing的高频考查动词
1. start to do =start doing 开始做
When did you start to learn English? 你何时开始学英语的?
2. learn to do = learn doing学着做
She is learning to play the piano. 她在学弹钢琴。
3. continue to do = continue doing继续做
Bread continues to rise in price. 面包的价格继续上涨。
加to do≠加doing的高频考查动词
1. forget to do 忘记要做
Don\'t forget to leave room for our teacher.
forget doing做了某事而把它忘记了
2. remember to do记得要做
remember doing记得做过
3. need to do需要做
need doing需要被做
4. stop to do 停下来开始做
stop doing 停止正在做的事
动词不定式的常见用法
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首。
例:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。例:
①It+is+名词+to do
例:It's our duty to take good care of the old.照顾老人是我们的责任。
②It takes sb+some time+to do
例:How long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多少时间来完成这项工作?
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do
例:It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
我们难以在四分之一小时内完成这篇作文。
④It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
省钱似乎是不可能的
在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;
句型④中，常用(careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise)等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式
例:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.
⑤It + 不定式结构可位于(believe/consider/discover/expect/find/think和wonder)之后
例:He thought it would be safer to go by train.他认为乘火车比较安全。
⑥不定式的完成式也可作句子的主语
例:To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable.
两次犯同样的错误是不可原谅的。
2、折叠作宾语
(1) 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语
afford (付得起)，agree(同意)，aim(力求做到)，appear(显得)，arrange(安排)，ask(要求)，attempt (试图)，care(想要)，choose(决定)，claim(声称)，condescend(屈尊)，consent(准许)，decide(决定)，demand(要求)，determine(决心)，endeavor(竭力)，expect(期待)，fail(未履行)，help(帮助)，hesitate(犹豫)，hope(希望)，learn(学会)，manage(设法)，neglect(疏忽)，offer(主动提出)，plan(计划)，prepare(准备)，pretend(假装)，proceed(接着做)，promise(答应)，prove(证明)，refuse(拒绝)，resolve(解决)，seem(觉得好像)，swear(发誓)，tend(往往会)，threaten(预示)，undertake(承诺)，volunteer(自愿做)，vow(发誓)，want(想要)，wish(希望)
例:The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
(2) 动词+疑问词+ 不定式
(decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tell)
例:Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
注:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
(3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式。
例:We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
3、折叠作补语
(1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
常见动词:advise，allow，believe，cause，challenge，compel，declare，encourage，forbid，force， find，hire，induce，instruct，invite，like，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，select，send，suppose，tell，train，urge
例: Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
(2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
常见动词:acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel, find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
例:We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
(3) to be +形容词
常见动词:seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
例:The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
(4) there be+不定式
①(believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstand)
例:We didn't expect there to be so many people there.
我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
②有些动词需用as 短语做补语(regard,think,believe,take,consider.)
例:We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
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