实例详解托福综合写作中的概括能力

众所周知，托福写作中的综合写作要求考生结合从阅读和听力部分中获取的信息来进行文章的撰写，而其中有一条比较严格的规则就是禁止照搬原文，这就要求大家对于阅读看到和听力听到的内容进行一定的概括。下面小编就和大家分享实例详解托福综合写作中的概括能力，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

实例详解托福综合写作中的概括能力

什么是托福综合写作中的概括能力?

在综合写作中，对综合写作阅读内容的总结和阐释不能照抄阅读文章原文，因此 概括能力(summarization skills)和成为了综合写作的核心能力。所谓概括能力，是指将段落中的论据或细节通过递进、并列、转折、因果等关系进行组织。

托福综合写作概括能力实例讲解

我们来看下列的段落：

The online questionnaire is able to feature many online options to help a respondent complete the survey that normally he or she might not be able to receive. For example, there could be a glossary to explain an unknown word. Also, the questionnaire submission is much easier, done at the click of a button instead of wasting time and effort via mailing the forms.

这个段落的分论点是many online options(在线选项)可以帮助很多问卷调查者(respondents)更好地完成问卷。通过论据和细节的展开，我们知道这些 online options 既包括 glossary 对不熟悉的单词进行解释，又包括easy submission

所以用一句话来概括这段话，应该为：

There are more online features that are helpful for questionnaire respondents, such as glossaries to explain unfamiliar words and easy submissions at the click of a button.

再如：Moreover, genetically modified trees promise to bring a number of economic benefits to those who grow them. Genetically modified trees tend to grow faster, give greater yields of food, fruit, or other products, and be hardier. This allows tree farmers to get faster and greater returns on their farming investment and save on pesticides as well.

这个段落的分论点是 genetically modified trees(转基因树木)带来许多经济利益。通过论据和细节的展开，我们知道这是因为 genetically modified trees 生长的更快、产量更大、更为耐寒;而这些特质使得树农投资回报更快、更多，并且节约了杀虫剂的开支。

用一句话来概括这段话，应该为：

Genetically modified trees bring tree farmers many economic benefits, including favorable returns on their investment and savings on pesticides.

了解了托福综合写作中概括能力的价值和具体作用，希望大家也能够在备考中主动锻炼好这项能力，以避免扣分提升行文水准。

托福写作：题库范文附思路解析

1. How can schools help new students with their problems?

When students move to a new school, they sometimes face problems. How can schools help these students with their problems? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.

『分析』

以下是大学生刚刚入学可能遇到的问题：

留学生面临文化冲突

心理问题，比如想家，独立性不够……

不了解本地地理

不懂本地方言(广州)

学习方法不适应

面对众多选修课程不知所措

不懂得使用图书馆资源

如何提供帮助?

? 设置相应课程，辅导老师

? 举办相应活动

? 设置网站，FAQ列表

『范文』

Moving to a new school is often a traumatizing experience. The student must go through the sometimes arduous process of making new friends, while attempting to keep up with school and keep in touch with old friends. There are many ways in which the school could help ease this process. In order to make new students feel less anxious about their new surroundings, it would be beneficial for the school to start a welcoming committee. Such a committee would include students from all age levels, who are particularly friendly. The committee would organize small events during lunch hours and after school to help the new student feel at home. For example, the committee could organize a lunch followed by a tour of the playground.

This would allow the new student to make new friends.

Schools should also train teachers on how to properly deal with new students. The first thing the teachers should do is to attempt to seat the new student around others who will be a good influence on him/her. This is of utmost importance, as a young student must be encouraged to socialize with smart, friendly students who have a strong work ethic.

Furthermore, a teacher must ensure that the student has a firm grasp of all the topics being taught. It is possible that the student's previous school taught different subject matter, or worked at a slower pace. The student might need extra help to catch up with the rest of the students. Conversely, a new student might be more advanced than the other students at his/her new school. If this is the case, the teacher must organize activities for the student so he/she does not become disinterested in learning. In sum, schools can greatly facilitate a student's arrival to their premises. By enlisting the help of the students and properly instructing the teachers on how to deal with such situations, the student will feel welcome and at home in his new environment.

2. Can borrowing money from a friend harm the friendship?

It is sometimes said that borrowing money from a friend can harm or damage the friendship. Do you agree? Why or why not? Use reasons and specific examples to explain your answer.

『分析』

不同意比较好写一些(因为同意的话，显得心里阴暗)

确实，有些时候，借钱给朋友之后，朋友之间的关系不再那么单纯、友好了——在没有利益关系

存在的时候，友谊显得更美好;

然而，破坏友谊的不是借钱这件事情，是借债者的人格问题;

另外，借钱可能也是考验友谊的好机会。

『范文』

There is a popular saying that if you lend a book to a friend, you lose the book and the friend. Truer words have never been spoken. Borrowing anything, especially money, can put a high level of stress on one's friendship, and is usually not worth the pain.

The first reason why borrowing money from a friend is not a good idea is because if one forgets or does not pay back the friend, the friendship could be lost. Everyone has a busy life, and it is easy to forget details. If one borrows 100 yuan from a friend, he/she can easily forget about the situation, or perhaps even think he/she has already paid back his/her friend when he/she didn't. This, of course, leads to trouble in the relationship. The friend does not know whether to ask for the money or not, as doing so could be conceived as rude.

The lender can only wait so long before he/she believes that the borrower has forgotten about the debt. At this point, the lender will begin to ask the borrower for the money, which, as mentioned above, is an uncomfortable situation. The lender does not want to have to ask for the money back, and the borrower does not want to be reminded that he/she is indebted to someone. Finally, asking a friend for money is a bad idea because it is possible he/she will refuse your request. For example, if a poor person befriend a rich person, the poor man might ask his/her friend for money. If the rich person would rather not lend out his/her money, he/she is put in the awkward situation of having to refuse his/her friend, which could harm the friendship.

Overall, I think it is a terrible idea to borrow money from friends, or lend money if it is requested. While we would like to think that our friendships are strong and true, in many cases, they are not. If you do lend money to a friend, perhaps it is best not to expect to be repaid. By treating the situation like this, one will not be upset if a friend does not return the money, and will have a pleasant surprise if the money is repaid.