托福阅读中怎么清晰度审题

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托福阅读考试要求考生在60分钟内完成3篇练习约42道题。解决每一道题都包含着审题和解题两个步骤，快速清楚分析问题高效解题的关键。下面小编就和大家分享托福阅读中怎么才能够清晰度审题，来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读中怎么才能够清晰度审题

这包括托福词汇题，指代题(此类题型现在基本不考)，句子简化题，句子插入题和全文总结题(6选3)。词汇题和指代题会在原文中标注出考查的单词或词组，我们考试时无需花太多时间读题，只要知道考查的是什么词，直接回原文阅读或直接对比选项。句子简化题，插入题和全文总结题的题干很长，但固定，也就是说这一题型的题干每次都一样。如果每次花时间阅读，费事又不一定理解正确。所以一定在考前学习时先仔细阅读分析句子简化题的题干，理解出题原则和解题要求，牢记于心，考试的时候就无需再花时间阅读题干，直接分析考查的句子。

对于细节题，推断题和修辞目的题，审题就非常关键，如果审题不清晰，直接看选项对比原文，很容易会答非所问。一方面词汇是基础，掌握了一定量的词汇才能无障碍理解题目，另外要注重题目问的是什么，是what，why，where还是which。与此同时要特别注意题目中的逻辑关系，这不仅帮助我们定位而且帮助我们跟清晰理解题目。

举个例子，官方真题Official1 Timberline Vegetation on Mountains中的第三题：Whichof the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the upper and lower timberlines?

拿到题目后首先看疑问词，问的是which，另外infer出现表示这是一道推断题，这两步骤都可以一扫而过，关键点在about之后，找到要我们推断的点是什么，此题问的是the upper and lower timberlines，and的出现表示是并列结构，也就说下面选项中所推断的信息必须同时符合the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines的特征，必须是共同的特征。理解清楚题目后再回原文找the upper timberlines 和 the lower timberlines，找到他们描述的共同点就是答案所在之处了。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

Railroads reshaped the North American environment and reoriented North American behavior. In a quarter of a century, claimed the Omaha Daily Republican in 1883, they have made the people of the United States homogeneous, breaking through the peculiarities and provincialisms which marked separate and unmingling sections.

The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources, made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production, and carried consumer goods to households; it dispatched immigrants to unsettled places, drew emigrants away from farms and villages to cities, and sent men and guns to battle. It standardized time and travel, seeking to annihilate distance and space by allowing movement at any time and in any season or type of weather. In its grand and impressive terminals and stations, architects recreated historic Roman temples and public baths, French chateaus and Italian bell towers — edifices that people used as stages for many of everyday life's high emotions: meeting and parting, waiting and worrying, planning new starts or coming home.

Passenger terminals, like the luxury express trains that hurled people over spots, spotlight the romance of railroading. (The twentieth-Century Limited sped between Chicago and New York in twenty hours by 1915). Equally important to everyday life were the slow freight trans chugging through industrial zones, the morning and evening commuter locals shuttling back ions and urban terminals, and the incessant comings and goings that occurred in the classifications, or switching, yards. Moreover, in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals, crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus telegraph and telephone lines the railroad nurtured factory complexes, coat piles, warehouses, and generating stations, forming along its right-of-way what has aptly been called the metropolitan corridor of the American landscape.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The influence of ancient architecture on the design of railroad terminals

(B) The importance of natural resources in the development of railroads

(D) Technological improvements in the area of communication in the nineteenth century

2. It can be inferred from the quote from the Omaha Daily Republican (line 2-4) that railroads

(A) made all sections of the nation much wealthier

(B) brought more unity to what had been a fragmented nation

(D) had no effect on the environment of the United States

3. The word it in line 7 refers to

(A) transport

(B) scale

(D) railroad

4. The word drew in line 8 is closest

(A) obliged

(B) designed

(D) attracted

5. The word annihilate in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) conquer

(B) utilize

(D) mechanize

6. The word Moreover in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) consequently

(B) furthermore

(D) because

7. All of the following were true of impressive passenger terminals EXCEPT:

(A) Their architecture was influenced by the architecture of Europe.

(B) Luxury express trains traveled between them.

(D) They were important to many commuters.

8. According to the passage , which type of development lined the area along the metropolitan

corridor?

(A) Stores and shopping areas

(B) Recreational areas

(D) Agricultural

9. The word aptly in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) appropriately

(B) virtually

(D) incessantly

10. The author mentions the Twentieth-Century Limited as an example of

(A) a freight train

(B) a commuter train

(D) an underground train

11. The author gives a synonym for which of the following words?

(A) homogeneous (line 3)

(B) standardized (line 9)

(D) classification(line 20)

PASSAGE 42 CBDDA BCCAC D

托福阅读背景知识：视觉艺术

Definition of painting:

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment(颜料),color or other medium(媒介物) with a brush(画笔) or other tools to a surface.

绘画就是通过画笔或者其余工具，把油漆、颜料、颜色或者其它的一些媒介物画到一个平面上。所以，绘画本质上是二维的。

看下这个词 Fine art，在托福阅读和听力中都出现过，很多学生第一次接触的时候，会很疑惑，好艺术?其实是“纯艺术”的意思，很好理解，通俗说就是只有审美价值，没有实用价值，如雕塑，画画等。接下来欣赏下各个阶段常见的绘画形式。

Cave painting 洞穴画 ---- 听名字我们就知道，肯定是比较古老的绘画形式，远古时期(prehistoric art)。2013年美国一部热门的动画电影，The Croods《疯狂原始人》中，就描述了很多这样的场景，有兴趣有时间可以看看。

Mural 壁画 ---- fresco 湿壁画，注意fresco和freckle(雀斑)读音和拼写都有点相像，注意区分哦。这两种画的形式最盛行于中世纪(Medieval)和文艺复兴时期(Renaissance)，主要跟宗教(religion)和神学(mythology)相联系在一起。

Oil painting 油画 --- 这里的oil, 是利用特殊的油，其实是特制的植物油。有何神奇之处?第一，溶解颜料;第二，使颜料干燥的过程是均匀的。干的过程必须是可控的，才可以画下一层的。关于油画，这些词你是一定要掌握的。Palette，调色板;brush，画笔;canvas,帆布;brushstroke,笔触;sketch,素描。

Watercolor painting 水彩画

Brush painting 中国的国画

水彩画和国画没怎么涉及，考察，在托福阅读或者听力中，我们仅做了解即可。画的分类大致这些，其中，一些重点相关的需要涉猎的词如下，请重点关注。

欣赏画作Appreciation，评论画作这个行为用Criticism，修复画作Restoration，鉴别画作Identification(真品Authentic，赝品fake)，大师作品Masterpiece，赞助patronage (组织，政府，个人都有可能参与赞助这个过程)。

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