在雅思阅读的比较逻辑关系中,比较级是常见的论证方式,但是类比和对比也是英语文章中非常常见的论证手段,下面小编就和大家分享雅思阅读逻辑关系,希望能够帮助到大家,一起来学习吧!
雅思阅读逻辑关系
类比(compare)强调两个对象的相似点,比如A和B的相同点是什么。而对比(contrast)则强调两个对象的不同点,比如A很高B却很低。
接下来,让我们从剑桥真题中看看,有哪些考点会涉及到类比和对比。
类比连接词
similarly, be similar to, as, like, alike,likewise, corresponding to, equal, identical, same, by the same token, the same is true of , in the same way, resemble,agree,share,harmony,compare to/with …, comparable
例题1 题目 C521 Q1 填空
Some plastics behave in a similar way to __________ in that they melt under heat and can be moulded into new forms.
文章 P2
Some are ‘thermoplastic’, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can be reshaped.
翻译 :
有些塑料是“热塑型”的,这意味着,它们像蜡烛一样,会在加热时会融化,然后就可以重新塑形。
解析:
定位后,利用题中类比词in a similar way to, 可以找到文中对应词like, 也就是统一替换,答案就是candlewax了。
例题2 题目 C442 Q27 填空
However, as archaeologists do not try to influence human behaviour, the writer compares their style of working to that of a __________.
文章 Last Paragraph:
The objects the archaeologists discover, on the other hand, tell us nothing directly in themselves. In this respect, the practice of the archaeologist is rather like that of the scientist, who collects data, conducts experiments, formulates a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis against more data…
翻译 :
另一方面,考古学家发现的这些物体本身并没有告诉我们什么。 从这个方面说来,考古学家的实践经历跟科学家非常像,他们收集数据,操作实验,制定假说,用假说检验更多的数据。
解析:
审题时重点关注题中类比词compare ... to …,定位后,可以找到文中替换词rather like, 答案即 scientist。
例题3 题目 C10’11 Q11 表格填空
Looks more like a __________ than a well.
文章 :
It actually resembles a tank (kund means reservoir or pond) rather than a well, but displays the hallmarks of step well architecture, including four sides of steps that decend to the bottom in a stunning geometrical formation.
翻译 :
它实际上长的像一个水库(kund意味着水库或池塘)而不是一个井,但却展示了梯井结构的特点,包括下降到底部的四个阶梯面,这四面拥有着绝美的几何对称图案。
解析:
审题时关注类比词like,定位后,发现resemble,意思相当于look like, 答案呼之欲出 tank.
对比连接词
while, however, nevertheless,otherwise,whereas, in contrast, on the contrary, rather than, instead of, conversely, unlike,different, incompatible, conflicting, change, vary, in opposition to, distinguish...from.. ,be distinct from sth…
例题1 题目 C10’23 Q37 判断
The approach of art historians conflicts with that of art museums.
文章 :
Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialised academic approach devoted to discovering the meaning of art within the cultural context of its time. This is in perfect harmony with the museum’s function.
翻译 :
因此,主流的批判方法成为艺术史学家的批判方式,这是一种专门的学术方法,致力于发现在当时的文化背景下艺术的意义。这与博物馆的功能达到了完美一致。
解析:
审题时获取考点词conflict,正是对比连接词,定位后发现in harmony with,意思是“与……协调、一致”,所以二者并非矛盾,而是一致的,因此答案选NO。
例题2 题目 C11’32 Q18 判断
Dingle’s aim is to distinguish between the migratory behaviours of different species.
文章 :
The value of his definition, Dingle argues, is that it focuses attention on what the phenomenon of wildebeest migration shares with the phenomenon of the aphids, and therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them all.
翻译 :
Dingle认为,他定义的价值在于它将注意力集中于在牛羚迁徙现象与蚜虫迁徙现象的共同点上,因而有助于指导研究人员了解进化是如何将它们制造出来的。
解析:
审题关注到判断题对比词aim is to distinguish, 定位后,对应到原文中的focuses attention on,发现类比词share,表示“共享,公用”,与题目的distinguish“区分”意思冲突,所以答案选择FALSE。
一般来说,阅读方面通过句子意思、句子关系、段落意思、段落关系的方法来理解文章的逻辑和要表达的观点非常关键。
关于逻辑关系的利用在剑桥真题实例不胜枚举,雅思阅读当中涉及到的比较级考点的题目还是很多的,建议大家在平时训练的时候,认真分析、总结并利用这些策略。
雅思阅读材料:出题特点及解题步骤
一、出题特点
1. 永远位于文章之前
段落标题配对题是的一个位于文章之前的题型,这意味着考官建议考生事先完成这种题型。因为对文章主旨的把握有助于考生更好地寻找文章中的细节。
2. 选项以短语形式出现,数量大于段落数,且为乱序
在 List of headings 中,选项都是以一个短语的形式出现的,考生需要从中选出最能够概括一个段落大意或者主要内容的短语。出于干扰的需要,选项中一定会有若干干扰选项,需要考生去鉴别。另外选项全部是打乱顺序的,即与文章的顺序不一致。
3. 个别题目中会有示例;选项不可能重复使用
个别文章中,题目中会有一个 Example ,会提示某一段的答案。由于选项不可能出现一个选项使用两次的情况,因此这个给出的答案即可以排除。
二、 解题步骤
1. 浏览文章
如果文章有标题、副标题、图片、小标题,则必须在做题之前仔细进行阅读,因为这些内容往往暗示了文章的主题,这对于考生把握全文大意、排除干扰选项会有一定的帮助。
2. 划掉示例中的选项
由于选项不可能被重复使用,因此 Example 中的选项不可能再次出现,故没有必要浪费时间去阅读这部分内容。所以直接在这个选项上划叉即可。另外,对于某些记忆力不好的考生来说,也可以把这个选项所对应的段落做上记号,以免误读从而浪费时间。
3. 阅读所有选项,标出关键词
由于选项是乱序,因此如果先读文章再去找选项,就有可能出现每读一个段落,就要通读一遍所有的选项这样的问题,发现把所有的选项读了数遍。因此,建议考生在阅读文章之前就先把所有选项仔细阅读一遍,并且划出关键词以便记忆。
雅思阅读材料:如何经营持久的爱情
If you’re in a long term relationship or marriage, you know that it’s not always easy to keep that warm glow of freshness and excitement alive in your relationship.
假如你有固定伴侣,或早已迈入婚姻殿堂,你便能体会到:在感情中,若想保持起初的新鲜和刺激感,可不是一件容易的事。
After the first bout of heady romantic love is gone, everyday sameness settles into any relationship.
当最初那阵令人迷醉又转瞬即逝的浪漫散去,你们的小日子里便渐渐开始被日复一日的枯燥所占据了。
And unless you’re making conscious efforts to keep things hot, soon boredom and tedium takes the shine off one of the most special relationships of your life, making it feel like just another chore. So what are these conscious efforts that you can make?
除非刻意保持新鲜感,否则这段生命中最特别的关系将会被无聊和单调抹去它原有的光辉,使你厌倦不堪。那么,该如何来有意识地避免这种事发生?
Here are some of the tricks my husband and I frequently use to keep things as new and happening as our first few days.
我和我的丈夫是通过以下的几个小技巧,来保持两人间的新鲜感的。
1. Surprise Surprise!
惊喜!惊喜!
Couples spend weeks – sometimes months – planning for the next birthday/anniversary gift for their spouse/significant other.
通常,俩口子会一起计划下一个生日/纪念日怎么过,以及送给对方什么礼物。这事儿可能要花上几星期、甚至几个月来完成。
Have you ever thought how you can magically sweep your partner off their feet with a fraction of that effort on an ordinary day?
不过,你有没有想过在一个平凡的日子里,突然给对方一个大惊喜呢?
Nothing works like giving tiny, simple – and most importantly, unexpected – surprises to each other in keeping the air of freshness and novelty in your relationship.
若想帮助情感保鲜,没什么比送给对方一个出其不意又意义重大的小礼物更好的办法了。
2. Romantic texts
发浪漫短信
A great thing about those “I miss you kitten” texts you used to send each other in the initial days of your relationship is the juvenile excitement in them.
我们在恋爱初期,之所以钟情于互发“想你啦,宝贝”之类的短信,是因为它能带给我们一种青涩的甜蜜。
You need that back right now. OK, it may not be 10 times a day like back then – but can you text him/her randomly, suddenly and romantically on some random ordinary day?
现在的你们也需要它。没必要像以前那样,一发就十几条,但你也可以在平日里偶尔“肉麻”一下嘛。
The smile it brings on their lips will spread its glow for quite some time in your relationship – until the next time you do the same, that is.
当你的爱人看到短信,他们不自觉的微笑将蔓延开来,为你们的感情增添一道明亮色彩。如此反复,爱将日益坚固。
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