托福写作的三个重要标准

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托福写作的三个重要标准

第一，连接词过渡句

任何形式的英语文章中都应该具备一定量的连接词(路标词)，因为它们是有助于读者顺利阅读的“导航坐标”;大多数考生在备考时也的确会准备一系列此类连接词，用于文章每个段落的段首;包括有表示“第一，第二，第三”等的连接词。但是单纯有段首连接词还不足以支撑全文的结构，因此考生应该同时准备段中连接词，包括“比如说，因为，但是，相对比而言”等，粗略估计，全文完成下来可以达到15个以上的路标词，不仅承接了全文，结构清晰明了，而且也为时间紧张下的写作减轻了不少字数压力。以下为常用连接词：

1，第一：in the first place/ first and foremost/ to start with/ to begin with/ first of all/ first/ firstly

2，第二：in the second place/ secondly and equal importantly/ to continue/ second/ secondly

3，第三：in the third place/ last but not least/ third/ thirdly

4，一方面、另一方面：on one hand/ on the other hand; for one thing/ for another

5，表原因：because/ because of/ since/ due to/ as/ thanks to/ for/ owing to

6，表结果：so/ therefore/ as a result/ consequently/ as a consequence

7，表举例：for example/ for instance/ such as/ take…as an example/ to illustrate

8，表承接：besides/ furthermore/ moreover/ what’s more/ in addition/ additionally

9，表转折：but/ while/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless

10，表比较对比: to compare with/ compared with/ in comparison with/ by contrast/ on the contrary

…

当然，仅仅依靠连接词是不足以表明全文的连贯性的，适当的添加过渡句也是很好的承接手段，如Official Guide To The New TOEFL P263中有一篇关于DISHONESTY KILLS RELIABILITY 的5分范文中就有出现多处明显的段落过渡句，如第三段首“After stating that everyone’s opinion can be different about this, for me honesty, in other words, always telling…”用来承接上下两段，以引出自己的观点看法;第五段首“Although I would like to see altruistic, understanding, thoughtful and loyal behavior from people, an instance of the opposite…”等都明显具备良好的过渡功能，让全文更加流畅舒服，朗朗上口。

第二，内在论证统一

Official Guide To The New TOEFL这一官方指南中也明确在写作部分提到“但要知道，仅仅使用第一，第二这样的连接词并不能保证作文结构的严谨，还要注意让所有的观点与文章的主题相关，紧扣中心思想。换句话说，作文要有统一性，评分原则中提到的统一性，渐进性和连贯性这些都是评估作文结构是否严谨，读者能否比较容易地跟上作者思路的标准。”通过上段叙述，我们不难发现作文论证统一性的重要性。

而事实上这也正是被许多考生所忽略的问题。在拿到试题后，考生们不是先腾出时间构思结构框架，而是急着抓住哪怕是一分钟的时间动笔写作，其实如此的选择是要不得的，建议各位考生在考试时不要舍不得这准备的时间，正所谓“磨刀不误砍柴功”;因为只有当你事先构思好而不是边想边写，你才能真正做到论证内容的一致性，观点与论据的统一性，也才能真正取得高分。另外，用最直白的作答应对题目的提问，用单边的手段安排整篇文章成5段的总分总思路是十分适用的。

托福写作高分满分范文点评和思路解析：回到过去的某时某地

托福写作难点话题一览

When and where in the past do you want to go?

If you could go back to some time and place in the past, when and where would you go? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.

写作思路展开结构分析

回到过去的某个时间和地点，这种追溯历史的话题是非常有意思的，可以展开的方向也很多，比如见证历史时刻，拜访历史名人，甚至回到过去和以前的自己对话等等。总之大家可以自由发挥，能够把选择的时间地点和理由讲清楚就可以了。

本话题高分范文赏析

If I could go back to a certain time and place in the past, I would choose to go to ancient Egypt, to the time when they were building the great pyramids. This time period and place is greatly interesting to me for the following reasons: first, how were the great pyramids built? Second, Egypt is one of the few places in the world that has as rich a culture as China's. How did ancient life in Egypt compare to the existence of the ancient Chinese person? Finally, I find this time and place interesting because I am curious about the myths and legends that ancient Egyptians believed in. There is much speculation as to exactly how the great pyramids were built. The pyramids are an architectural feat, even by today's standards. They are massive in size, with almost perfect angles leading up to the point at the top of the pyramid. How did the men manage to carry those enormous stones up the side of the pyramid? How was it possible to cut the stones so precisely, to allow for this even, mathematical design? Current science has analyzed these problems, and has decided that with today's technology, this would not be a problem. I am very interested, however, to learn how such technology was possible in ancient Egypt. I am also very interested in how ancient Egyptian life compared to that of the ancient Chinese. Did they experience similar toils, or were their lives very different? Did the ancient Egyptians know about the ancient Chinese? All of these questions would be answered for me if I could travel back to the above-mentioned time period. China has some very interesting myths, legends and religions that were formed thousands of years ago. Ancient Egyptians were spiritual people also. I am curious to know more about these ancient religions. Were the beliefs held by the majority, or were there only a few who believed in such ideas? There are so many unanswered questions about ancient periods, particularly ancient Egypt. By traveling back in time, I would learn a great amount about topics that have remained unanswered for thousands of years.

托福写作分类话题词汇：媒体篇

Media

curiosity 好奇心

dependable/trustworthy 值得信赖的

coverage 覆盖面

make headlines, newsworthy 成为头版头条; 有新闻价值的

informative, entertaining 信息量大的; 娱乐的

privacy, violate/intrude on/infringe on someone's privacy 隐私; 侵犯某人隐私

ratings 评分

go viral /all the rage 变得流行

journalists/the press 记者;报刊，新闻界

groupies, icon, make a splash 追星族; 偶像; 产生轰动